Child Welfare System

At Justice for Girls, we fight for the rights and dignity of teenage girls in government care. Our work is informed by lived experience, direct advocacy, and the voices of girls themselves. Girls in the child welfare system—especially Indigenous girls—face systemic failures that expose them to violence, exploitation, and poverty. Our advocacy seeks to hold these systems accountable and create real change.

Many girls are expected to live independently at 19 without basic life skills like cooking, budgeting, or finding housing.

Girls report feeling abandoned due to frequent social worker turnover, lack of follow-up, and poor case planning.

Institutional neglect, frequent placement changes, and lack of supervision increase girls’ vulnerability to predators online and in real life.

Key Issues We Advocate On

Overrepresentation of Indigenous Girls

  • Indigenous youth are vastly overrepresented in the child welfare system.1
  • Rooted in colonial policies like residential schools, this crisis continues through systemic racism, cultural bias, and family separation.2
  • Indigenous girls are often placed in non-Indigenous homes, disconnected from their communities and cultures.3

Exposure to Violence and Exploitation

  • Girls in government care face extremely high rates of sexual violence, trafficking, and grooming.4
  • Indigenous girls in care are disproportionately targeted, with many experiencing ongoing abuse while in the child welfare system.5
  • Institutional neglect, frequent placement changes, and lack of supervision increase girls’ vulnerability to predators online and in real life.6
  • Exploitation is often relationship-based, gang-involved, or facilitated through social media and sextortion.7

Lack of Support for Education and Life Skills

  • Girls in care frequently fall behind or disengage from school due to instability, trauma, and system neglect.8
  • Many are expected to live independently at 19 without basic life skills like cooking, budgeting, or finding housing.9
  • They often miss out on simple but vital experiences—like family dinners—that build emotional resilience and connection.10

Institutional Neglect and Instability

  • Girls report feeling abandoned due to frequent social worker turnover, lack of follow-up, and poor case planning.11
  • Government care often fails to provide emotional support, stability, or opportunities to heal and grow.12
  • These failures leave girls more likely to experience homelessness, addiction, and violence into adulthood.13

Key Actions

Supporting girls through meetings, legal processes, and access to housing, education, and Youth Agreements
Challenging laws, policies, and institutional practices that harm girls in care
Amplifying girls’ voices and raising awareness about the realities they face
Supporting girls with lived experience to become leaders and changemakers

Related reports and submissions

  1. Statistics Canada. (2024). Children in foster care in Canada: 2021 Census of Population. Government of Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/41-20-0002/412000022024001-eng.htm ↩︎
  2. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Honouring the truth, reconciling for the future: Summary of the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. http://nctr.ca/assets/reports/Final%20Reports/Executive_Summary_English_Web.pdf ↩︎
  3. Statistics Canada. (2024, April 18). Children in foster care in Canada: 2021 Census of Population. Government of Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/41-20-0002/412000022024001-eng.htm
    Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal. (n.d.). Indigenous child welfare statistics. https://cwrp.ca/indigenous-child-welfare-statistics
    ↩︎
  4. Native Women’s Association of Canada. (2021). What Their Stories Tell Us: Research findings from the Sisters in Spirit initiative. https://www.nwac.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/NWAC_SIS_Report_2021.pdf ↩︎
  5.  Canadian Human Rights Commission. (2020). Disaggregated data on Indigenous children in care: Systemic challenges and recommendations. https://www.chrc-ccdp.gc.ca/en/resources/indigenous-child-welfare ↩︎
  6. Public Safety Canada. (2020). Human trafficking in Canada: National strategy to combat human trafficking. Government of Canada. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/ntnl-strtg-cmbt-ht/index-en.aspx
     Canadian Centre for Child Protection. (2019). Annual report 2019. https://www.cybertip.ca/app/en/reports/annual-report ↩︎
  7. Canadian Centre for Child Protection. (2022). Cybertip.ca Annual Report 2022. https://www.cybertip.ca/app/en/reports/annual-report
    Public Safety Canada. (2020). Human trafficking in Canada: National strategy to combat human trafficking. Government of Canada. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/ntnl-strtg-cmbt-ht/index-en.aspx ↩︎
  8.  Canadian Human Rights Commission. (2020). Disaggregated data on Indigenous children in care: Systemic challenges and recommendations. https://www.chrc-ccdp.gc.ca/en/resources/indigenous-child-welfare
    Office of the Provincial Advocate for Children and Youth. (2017). Education and Children in Care: Issues and Recommendations. https://provincialadvocate.on.ca/resources/reports/Education_and_Children_in_Care_Report_2017.pdf
    ↩︎
  9.  Gaetz, S., & Dej, E. (2018). Aging out: Youth homelessness and the transition from care to independence. Canadian Observatory on Homelessness & A Way Home Canada. https://homelesshub.ca/resource/aging-out-youth-homelessness-and-transition-care-independence
    Government of Canada. (2022). Supporting youth transitioning out of care. Indigenous Services Canada. https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/eng/1582119580123/1582119605565 ↩︎
  10.  Child Welfare Research Portal. (2017). Family connections and child well-being in out-of-home care: A review of the literature. https://cwrp.ca/publications/family-connections-and-child-well-being-out-home-care-review-literature ↩︎
  11.  Office of the Provincial Advocate for Children and Youth. (2018). Youth voices: Children in care speak out. Government of Ontario. https://provincialadvocate.on.ca/resources/reports/Youth_Voices_Children_in_Care_Speak_Out_2018.pdf ↩︎
  12.  Canadian Human Rights Commission. (2020). Disaggregated data on Indigenous children in care: Systemic challenges and recommendations. https://www.chrc-ccdp.gc.ca/en/resources/indigenous-child-welfare ↩︎
  13. Gaetz, S., Dej, E., & Redman, M. (2019). Youth homelessness in Canada: Implications for policy and practice. Canadian Observatory on Homelessness. https://homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/COHFactSheet_Youth_Homelessness_in_Canada.pdf
    Public Health Agency of Canada. (2021). Substance use and mental health among youth in Canada. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/substance-use-mental-health-youth.html
    ↩︎

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